Junior BIOLOGY CLASS VII

CHAPTER 3 BIOLOGY 

A

• Ecology who is studying sciencei relationships between living beings with inanimate objects in their environment imaginable
• Ecology comes word virgin oikos who means home and logos who means the science
• Ecosystem is the ecological system formed by hubungantimbal who return / interaction between living things with its abiotic environment
• Six different levels in the study who ecology, yaitu Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, &Biosphere
• Single individuals are living creatures
• Population is a group of similar Idividu who occupy certain areas
• Komunitas adalah kumpulan seluruh Populasi yg hidup bersama disuatu daerah certain
• Ecosystem is the result of interaction between communities (biotic components) degan environment (abiotic component)
• Biome who represents a variety of ecosystems found in wide areas who have climate, conditions, & plant species ax.
• Biosphere is the interaction between biome on earth who form a layer of earth habitable living.

Biology CHAPTER 3

B

• Component Abiotic in ecosystem consisting of (Air, Water, Land, Mineral, Light, pH, Temperature, &Humidity )
• Biotic component of ecosystems consisting of (Producers, Consumers, Detritivor, & Decomposers )
• Producers are living creatures who are able to make own food 
• Consumers are non-living things can create their own meals
• Detritivor a detritus-eating organisms (the remains of living things )
• Decomposers are organisms who describes  organic compounds of living beings who have died into inorganic compounds.

A pair of Dragon appalling West Kutai

Community of West Kutai (Kubar), especially to the people Mahakam Ulu, excited emergence pair of drums or a giant snake about 60 inches in diameter with a length of about 40 meters. Giant snake was seen weaving on the surface of the water in Riam Haloq, Kampung Long Tuyoq, Pahangai Long District.

Giant snake that crossed the river was believed Dayak community as a dragon. Based on information compiled Tribune , actual events occurred dragon appearance Friday (29/1/2010).

At that time a Longboat depart from Long Bagun to Long Pahangai. Longboat arrived during the day in Kampung Long Tuyuq, upstream Riam Haloq. That's when the passenger motor and Longboat to see a pair of giant snakes across the surface of the Mahakam River in the opposite direction

Once knew a pair of dragon pass, direct motorist pulled over Longboat to the river for fear of the victim. "It turned out that both the dragon went on and did not feel hampered by the presence Longboat ," said Dodik, who heard the story of his family in the Mahakam Ulu.

After that, the motor and some direct passengers to use cameraphones to take pictures because he thought it was a rare moment. In this region alone photo giant snake Kubar had spread and people get excited.

According to a resident of Kampung Lutan, District Long The relationship, in fact there are two dragons that look. One male dragon type because it is believed there are two horns on his head and dragon female for no horns. Both animals have four legs, a black color with a length of about 40 meters and 60 centimeters in diameter around the body.

He added that earlier in Long Tuyoq there is even a citizen and their children who are hunting the pigs saw a giant snake. Shock, the child can not speak up until now.

According to local belief, the emergence of the dragon for the Dayak tribe is an omen, that the notification will be accompanied by heavy rain floods that occurred three days after the appearance of a giant snake. It's more convincing because since Monday (1/2/2010) until Wednesday (3/2/2010), Mahakam River water overflowed and caused flooding that hit several districts along the Mahakam River, including Long Bagun, Laham, Long The relationship, Long Iram, Tering, carry, Muara Pahu, Penyinggahan, and Mook Manaar Bulatn.
Sulit akses
Long Village is located in District Long Tuyoq Pahangai. Area 126.95 square kilometers and inhabited by a majority of Dayak Bahau Busang. They live along the Mahakam River livelihoods as rain-fed farmers, rubber, vanilla, hunting, and traditional gold miners.

Long Tuyoq a remote area so access is quite difficult to get there. From Samarinda if using small aircraft watershed, takes 1 hour to the Datah strings. After it had to move on with ketinting downstream Mahakam River, takes about 2 hours. When using Longboat takes 1 hour.

Meanwhile, if using a motor boat (water taxi) from Samarinda to Long Bagun takes two days. From Long Bagun continue using speedboats , the tariff is Rp 500,000 per person, while Longboat Rp 400,000 per person.

It took 12 hours from Long Bagun up in Long Tuyoq. Path through which the river full of challenges and risks of having to face the ferocity of existing cascade-cascade along the Mahakam River. The most ferocious rapids is known length and Riam Riam Shrimp, there are rocks sharp and ready to swallow whirlpool boat if not careful crossing. On both sides of the Mahakam River to the village of Long Tuyoq overgrown with large trees about the size of a buffalo's body.
Ular 33 meter
Previously, in February 2009, Kalimantan also make splashy world now appears a aerial photograph showing the giant snake middle of a river crossing in Sarawak, Malaysia. Giant snakes that swim in Baleh River, Sibu, Sarawak, northern Borneo.

A photo of a giant snake-swing melenggak seen swimming in a river surrounded by tropical peat forest. Black snake was so big, almost filled the river which is located in the middle of a lush swamp forest. Water lapped at the left-right. Reportedly, the photograph was taken from a helicopter, February 11, 2009.

Photo that is the debate. Kalimantan does have a giant snakes. However, during this big snake is a kind of newly discovered sanca or python or snake Kalimantan people call this field, dozens of meters long.

However, snakes are seen in photos and circulated widely on the internet, including Youtube, it is much longer and larger than the findings of python. Estimated length of 100 feet or about 33 meters.

Picture was taken by team members who then flood the area published by envoy Sarawak , a local newspaper. New Straits Times in Kuala Lumpur also includes a photograph, which is then released by The Telegraph , England.

There also are not believing the picture and consider it mere engineering. That's because too distant shooting the snake. True or not, the photo was made public in the vicinity of Sarawak, especially in Sibu, fear because the river is the lifeblood of public transport during ini.Berdasarkan living legend in the local community, it is believed about the existence of a large snake in that area named Nabau. According to belief, Nabau a 80-meter long snake with a dragon head and seven nostril. Villagers who live in the Borneo River Baleh believe these mystical creatures. In addition, people are often seen large snakes in the area.

Now, if both the original photograph, whether it was a snake that looks like python, or anaconda? Until now it has not been found in Borneo Anaconda.

Current record is the longest snake anaconda ( Eunectes ) from Amazon. Anaconda is the boa family. Long Anaconda latest find is 50 feet, but scientists believe there is a 80 foot-long anaconda, and even 100 feet from the snake skin findings by an expedition of British scientists in 1992. Anaconda in the family, according to Mongabay environmental sites, the largest is the green anaconda ( Eunectes murinus ). Length reaches 43 meters.

Python Asia is the second longest snake. Scientists call it Asiatic Reticulated python ( Python reticulatus ). Longest python is found in Kalimantan area 33 feet in length and is the world record for the longest current sanca. Scientists long believed pythons can reach 50 feet or about 15 meters.

The difference, Anaconda is more slender and expert swimmer. While pythons fatter and just like the humidity, not in water. Anaconda bites its prey to death before swallowing, while the python uses its power to bind the prey until his bones were destroyed or did not move again, then swallowed whole.

Beginning in February last year, scientists also found fossils of snakes weighing a small car. The snake was estimated to be crushed cow-sized animals. Along the 45 foot monster named Titanoboa is very big and live by eating crocodiles and giant tortoises. It weighed 1.25 tons. She used to creep in about the tropical forests of South America 60 years ago.

MAN THAT CAME FROM THE YEAR 2256

On January 28, 2003, A man named Andrew Carlssin being led by the FBI at the request of the SEC (Security and Exchange Commission) for interrogation on suspicion of insider trading. Suspicions that began when the SEC learned that Carlssin managed to increase portfolio valued at $ 800 to $ 350,000,000 in just two weeks. He put on 126 portfolios of risky trading decisions



For years, the greatest trader on Wall Street suffered big losses due to exceptional market volatility. So when Carlssin experienced an extraordinary gain of 126 trading decisions, traders become suspicious.



In his interrogation in the presence of the FBI, 44-year-old Carlssin explanation incredible how he gained such wealth. He admitted that he was from the year 2256.



FBI says, "We're still trying to dig up the source of it in trading. D he would remain in prison until we get that information. "



During four hours of interrogation, Carlssin said that it is a time traveler, a man who comes from the year 2256. He said, "I can not help myself, and I've been trying to look natural, with a loss to make myself a little here, a little there. But it looks like I get carried away with the atmosphere. "



Carlssin admitted that he came from the year 2256 where knowledge of stock market volatility is something that is so common that every person who knows the history of the stock market can take advantage of it. To prove his claim, Carlssin provide predictions about the exact date of the U.S. invasion of Iraq, and he gave the exact date. Carlssin also offered to let them know the location of Osama Bin Laden and cure for AIDS. All he wanted was to be released and allowed back into the time machine.



When asked, Carlssin refused to let his time machine locations or to discuss how it works, for fear the technology could fall into the wrong hands. Of course the FBI did not simply trust the story Carlssin. But a source from the SEC acknowledged that no one can trace the origins Carlssin before December 2002. Carlssin as if it never existed before.



However, the story of Carlssin not stop there. Carlssin story suddenly disappeared and was never referred to again. Similarly existence. There is no media that cover it again. The SEC and the FBI even then deny that they ever catch Carlssin. His lawyer said that Carlssin supposed to meet him for hearings in court on April 2, 2003, but he does not appear, just disappear.



Stories about Carlssin who claim comes from the beginning this the future of news in the tabloid Weekly World News on 25 February 2003, which was then quoted by leading media outlets like Yahoo News.



In a subsequent article on April 29, 2003, Weekly World News wrote that they were successfully interviewed via telephone and Carlssin Carlssin said that he was in Toronto and was setting up a company will go public in the year 2007. Carlssin admitted that on March 29, 2003, he was released by the FBI on the kindness of someone who is not known which provide a deposit amounting to 1 million dollars.



At the time of arrest in 2003, aged 44 years Carlssin. However Carlssin said that until recently, he had not aged one bit. When asked what he did during his years are gone, he replied, "No Comment." And about the excitement it generated, Carlssin said, "Timing is everything and everything happens according to time. I'm here now. So this is my time. "



Many people believe that until now no one can travel across time, or time travel. But physicists do not agree with them. The students at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) - one of the best science and technology university in the world of physics convention ever held by inviting all those who claim to come from the future. Einstein and Hawking, two of the greatest physicists of all time believing that people can travel across time. Even Einsteinlah actually started the idea of time travel with the theory of relativity.



Dibelahan other earth, exactly in Geneva, CERN - the European nuclear physics of an organization is doing an experiment to make mini black holes that can be applied to travel across time. And certainly not the organization CERN indiscriminate remember is they who find the Internet (World Wide Web). John titor, one of which claimed to be from the mysterious 2036 year claiming that he came from the future through two mini black holes.



Not quite up there, Ronald Mallet, a professor of physics from the University of Connecticut have used Einstein's equations and the laser beam to create a time machine. Even Prof. Mallet predicts that within 10 years, men have been able to find a time machine that can be used for traveling across time.



Regarding the story Carlssin, some suspicions began to arise that the story is pure engineering Weekly World News, given this tabloid stories of ordinary preaching a strange and questionable validity. But until now, there is never clarification from the tabloids about their good or bad news. The FBI and the SEC has denied the news and said that the story was purely a joke.



What is likely to reinforce this suspicion is the difficulty to find Andrew Carlssin photos on the internet. After some searching, I can find a newspaper clipping about this story and in it there's a picture that looks forward Andrew Carlssin (see photo above). Then another picture which refers to Andrew Carlssin is a photo in addition to this, when he was being led by the FBI called. IBHS only show images viewed from the rear.



However, if this story is a joke, should have been no clarification from the tabloid in question or classification of a man whose picture was in the newspaper clipping above. Until now, no such clarification.



Those who call this story a joke, never provide sufficient evidence. So for me, this story is still a mystery open.

SOCIAL SCIENCE

IPS GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 1 MAP, ATLAS, AND GLOBE
A. MAP
1. MAP OF UNDERSTANDING
Mental maps will be easily explained to others embodied in the form of real images, who include sketch. Never in the mean seketsa is a map. Who is a sketch map of his room and position the same as the real location.
Map a lot of kinds. Some maps show administrative boundaries such as state, provincial, and other general information menacing. Appearance of the map is described by simbol2.
Who study the science of mapmaking called kartogafi cara2. Ahil culprit in making a map called kartograf. Badan2 pemerintahyg works by using the map for research and development of surveying and mapping technology in Indonesia, among others, as follows:
• Agency coordination of national surveying and mapping
• Directorate of topography (dittop) TNI - AD
• Center for mapping survey (pussuta)
• Department of hydrology and oceanography (Dishidros) TNI - AL
2. MAP FUNCTION
• showing the location
• Gives a broad picture of the region
• indicate the height of a place
• show the direction and distance from various places
• social pesebaran shows there in the earth's surface.
• As a regional planner in development
• For research activities
3. FORM MAP
1. ANALOGUE MAP
a) Map planimetri (map flat / 2-dimensional)
Planimetri Map created on a flat surface by using paper, cloth etc.. Differences in the mainland, the waters are distinguished by the symbol
b) setreometri Map (map resulting / 3-dimensional)
A map of custom-made based on the truth of the earth's surface so that the lower surface of the earth high can be seen clearly.

EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON HUMAN POPULATION density

Populasi manusia bertambah dari waktu-kewaktu. Kebutuhan manusia otomatis bertambah. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan itu, manusia memanfaatkan alam. Sering kali ulah itu menyebabkan rusaknya alam. Masalah kependudukan adalah masalah dunia yg menyangkut kesejahteraan manusia.

A. KEPADATAN POPULASI PENDUDUK

Pduduk adalah manusia yg menempati suatu wilayah tertentu dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Kepadatan penduduk merupakan jumlah penduduk dalam satuan areal tertentu dalam areal tertentu. Kepadatn penduduk dapat dihitung dengan rumus.

D= N/A KETERANGAN :

D = KEPADATAN PENDUDUK

N = JUMLAH INDIVIDU

A = LUAS AREAL

Jika kelahiran lebih besar daripada kematian maka akan terjadi kepadatan penduduk. Jika tidak dilakukan pengendalian penduduk maka akan terjadi ledakan penduduk adalah pertumbuhan penduduk yg sangat besar.

1. DINAMIKA PENDUDUK

Dinamika penduduk adalah perubahan jumlah penduduk suatu Negara dari waktu ke waktu. Hal itu dapat terjadi karena adanya kelahiran,kematian dan migrasi.

RUMUS LAJU PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK ADALAH :

P = ( l - m ) + ( d – p) / 1000 KETERANGAN :

P = JUMLAH PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK

L = JUMLAH KELAHIRAN

M = JUMLAH KEMATIAN

P = JUMLAH YG PERGI

a. Natalitas ( angka kelahiran )

Natalitas adalah angka yg menenjukan jumlah kelahiran bayi hidup per seribu penduduk per tahun.

NATALITAS : Jumlah bayi hidup / jumlah penduduk.

NATALITAS DIBAGI ATAS 3 KRITERIA, yaitu natalitas tinggi, jika lebih dari 30, nataliatas sedang jika antara 20 – 30 & natalitas rendah, jika kurang dari 20.

b. Mortalitas ( Angka Kematian )

Mortalitas adalah angka yg menunjukan jumlah kematian per seribu penduduk per tahun.

MORTALITAS = JUMLAH KEMATIAN / JUMLAH PENDUDUK

Mortalitas dibedakan atas 3 kriteria yaitu mortalitas tinggi, lebih dari 18, sedang, jika 14 – 18 , dan mortatlitas rendah jika kurang dari 14

MORALITAS BAYI = JUMLAH BAYI MATI DIBAWAH 1 TAHUN / JUMLAH BAYI HIDUP

Mortalitas bayi dubedakan atas 4 kriteria , yaitu sangat mortalitas sangat tinggi jika lebih dari 125, mortalitas tinggi jika antara 76 – 125, sedang jika 35 – 75 , rendah jika kurang 35

c. MIGRASI ( PERPINDAHAN PENDUDUK )

Migrasi adalah perpindahan penduduk dari suatu daerah lain atau Negara lain2.

Faktor2 yg menjadi pendorong terjadinya migrasi sbg berikut :

· Keadaan ekonomi

· Keadaan politik suatu Negara

· Keadaan sosial budaya di daerah asal

· Kesempatan kerja lebih luas di tempat tujuan

· Adanya kesempatan untuk mendapat pendidikan, karir, dan pendapatan yg lebih baik di tempat tujuan

· Keadaan lingkungan dan aktivitas hidup di daerah tujuan lebih baik.

MIGRASI dibagi mjd 2 macam yaitu :

· Migrasi dalam Negara

a) Transmigrasi adalah perpindahan penduduk dari daerah yg padat penduduknya ke daerah yg jarang penduduknya

b) Urbanisasi adalah perpindahan penduduk dari desa ke kota

· Migrasi antar Negara meliputi :

a) Emigrasi adalah keluarnya penduduk dari suatu Negara ke Negara lain dan menetap

b) Imigrasi adalah masuknya penduduk suatu Negara untuk menetap ke Negara lain.

2. PENYEBARAN PENDUDUK

Penyebaran penduduk tidak merata. ½ penduduk dunia bertempat di ASIA. Perbandingan penduduk dirumuskan seperti ini :

a) Amerika ¼ dari penduduk Asia

b) Eropa kurang dari ¼ penduduk Asia

c) B. Afrika 1/6 penduduk Asia

d) B. Australia 1/100 jumlah penduduk asia

Sekitar 60 % lebih penduduk Indonesia tinggal di Pulau. Jawa, yg luasnya 6,6% dari luas seluruh daratan Indonesia.

Factor yg meyebabkan ketidak merataan adalah kesuburan tanah, dan factor kenyamanan hidup . tak jarang bangunan di kota2 besar di dirikin di sepanjang aliran sungai. Peradaban yg tinggi di masa silam biasanya berkaitan dengan lembah aliran sungai, misalnya Mesopotamia dengan sungai Eufrat dan Trigis.

Hal yg meyebabkan kepadatan lebih sering di kota di banding di desa adalah urbanisasi yg terus meningkat setelah perang dunia ke 2. Cara yg paling efektif adalah melakukan transmigrasi.

3. MASALAH KEPENDUDUKAN

Pertambahan penduduk yg pesat dimungkinkan oleh adanya kesehatan penduduk yg sangat baik. Hal itu meyebabkan umur makin panjang & kelahiran hidup makin bamnyak.

Besarnya penduduk yg berkualitas menunjukan besarnya sumber daya manusia yg merupakan potensi bagi pembangunan ekonomi. Jika sebaliknya akan menambah beban dan berdampak negative terhadap kestabilan sosial, & ekonomi, serta daya dukung lingkungan.

Kelaparan dapat timbul karena hasil panen yg tidak mencukupi . hal ini terjadi karena pertanian menurun serta penduduk meningkat.

Cara mengatasi dampak kepadatan penduduk dan masalah2 yg ditimbulkannya antara lain :

A. Pengendalian jumlah kelahiran

B. Peningkatan produksi pangan dengan kemajuan teknologi

C. Penggunaan sumber daya pengganti. Menganjurkan produk menggunakan jagung,sagu sbg sumber karbohidrat.

CARA MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA BAB HIMPUNAN !!!

Himpunan adalah kumpulan benda2 yg didefinisikan ( diberi batasan ) dengan jelas. PAHAM

contoh :
A kumpulan hewan berkaki 4
A = { sapi, kambing, kerbau, ...... )
tanda titik adalah contoh yg tidak bisa disebutkan ( banyak sekali ). PAHAM

ELEMEN

P = { s, p , l ,k }
s anggota P, ditulis s є