Prambanan is a group of temples built by Sanjaya dynasty kings in the IX century. The discovery of writings on the temple's name raises Pikatan opinion that the temple was built by Rakai Pikatan who later settled by the Rakai balitung based on the inscriptions numbered from 856 M "Inscription Siwargrarha" as the manifest political will to reinforce its position as the king who besar.Prasasti Siwargrarha year 856 AD issued by the Rakai Lure unknown origin, are kept in the National Museum Jakarta.
These inscriptions began to attract attention after J.G. De Casparis successfully describe and discuss it. According Casparis have three important things in prasati, namely: The language is the oldest example of an inscription that's down in a poem written in Ancient Java; It contains materials or historical events is very important from the mid-abas to IX M; In it there are descriptions the details of a "cluster of temples", something unique in the description above epigraphy kuna.Dari Java is an interesting historical events and a description of the development group of temples. Historical events in question is a battle between the family of Sailendra Balaputeradewa against Rakai Pikatan family of Sanjaya. Balaputeradewa defeated and fled to Sumatra. Rakai Pikatan consolidation of the royal family that later became the beginning of a new period of development that need to be formalized by a large group of temples.
The image of the cluster of temples such as that mentioned in the inscription Siwargrarha can be compared with the Prambanan temple complex, a cluster of temples built fenced wall around its center and surrounded by rows of chapels arranged bersap found only in temples temples Perwara Prambanan.Disebutkan also similar in shape and size.
Another interesting case is the second Apit temples, each near the northern entrance and selatan.Keterangan cluster of temples located on the river near the Prambanan temple reminiscent of the clusters with the river on the west and Opak if the distance between the river and clusters Opak Prambanan and the possibility of bending deflection of the river flow occurred between the villages and Bogem Klurak. Thus, it seems that the description contained in the inscription on the cluster of temples Siwargrarha is more suited to the circumstances of Prambanan temple.
The transfer to the center of Mataram Kingdom of East Java terawatnya not result in the temples of Prambanan, the condition is getting worse by the earthquake and the eruption of Mount Merapi several times which made the Prambanan temple collapsed and left rubble strewn stone. Prambanan Temple was known back when a Dutchman named CALons visited Java in 1733 and reported on the existence of the overgrown ruins of temples shrubs.
First effort to rescue the temples of Prambanan done by Ijzerman in 1885 by clearing the chambers of the temple from the ruins of a stone. In the year 1902 began coaching jobs, led by Van Erp for Shiva temple, Vishnu temple and Brahma temple. Attention to the temples of Prambanan growing. In year 1933 successfully arranged experiment Brahma and Vishnu temples. After experiencing various barriers renovations were completed by the Indonesian nation, dated December 23, 1953 Shiva temple, completely refurbished, and officially declared by President Dr selasai. Ir. Sukarno.
Restoration of Prambanan temple in the region continues to be, among others, namely restoration of the temple of Brahma and Vishnu temples. Brahma temple restoration began in 1977 and was completed and inaugurated by Prof. Dr. Haryati Soebandio dated March 23, 1987. Wisnu Temple restored starting in 1982 completed and inaugurated by President Soeharto on April 27, 1991. Activities next renovations done to the three temples that were in front of the temple Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma temple besarta 4 color and 4 corner temples.
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